Characterization of the Thioredoxin System in the Diabetic Retina

Abstract

Diabetes is a group of diseases, which are characterized by high blood glucose levels that are a consequence of the inability to produce and/or utilize insulin. Type 1 diabetes (T1D, previously referred to as juvenile diabetes) is typically diagnosed in children and young adults. In this form, the body does not produce insulin primarily due to autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic - cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes (T2D, adult onset or noninsulin dependent diabetes) is a chronic condition where the body either resists the effects or does not produce sufficient insulin. This form is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, as well as the aged population.