Identification of Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes and Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Mediating the Effects of Actylcholine in The Pulmonary Circulation of Rabbits and Cats

Abstract

Acetylch.oline (ACh) is known ·to reduce vascular pressure throughout the systemic. circulation; in. the·-- pulmonary circulatfon: ACh: can·- produce:either vasodi-1ationr or' ·vasoconstri-ction. For example,. ACh', produces: vasoconstrictfon · in· the, pulmonary ·circula~i on· of rabbits .. but dtlati on in· the· -feline. pu·lmof!ary-, vasculature·~-- The·· mechanism(s-) responsible·' for· the· actions of ACh in the pulmona.ry vasculature-- remain unc;lear. This study was designed to i·nve·st.igate poss·ible mechanisms. responsible for the actions. of ACh in the ra~bit ancf cat pulmonari_.circulation·~- Our hypothesi's is tbat . variations in· the· v.as.cular ·-response~ to: ACh may- be due to differe.nces in med-iators. (e.g. ·prostanoids)· released upon. activation .. of the muscarinic receptor~ These· di.ffe-rences cou 1 d be attributed,· either to. differences ... in muscarinic receptor subtypes.-. or to differences. in the·. metabolism of· arachidonic acid- tn rabbit. vs. cat. In anesthetized rabbits,_ ACh-induced pulmonary=- vasoconstriction-··. was,. totatly, inhibited::'·- by:: the: phosphotipasey A'2· inhibitor· qu-inacrine··,. the cycl o~oxygenase"' inhibitors:; indomethacin·,. and,.~ mec lofenamate·,, the- thtomboxane/ A:2:· synthetase=, i nh~i bi:tot· ]-;.;.{1'- Imidazolyl.)-· Heptano.fc. Acid .. (7;..IHA), and'- by,- the··' thromboxane·· A- 2 . receptor·· antagpntst. SQ:. 29-~.548:, .. but not·,. by·- the· 1 .ipoxygenase:-- inhibitor- nordihydrogua-iaret.ic: acid( NDGA}':. AGh·: s:igni-ftcantly; increased> plasma; thromboxane···B2.' (TXB'2J:· levels;. in·-. anesthetized:·,_ rabb_its:. A.Ch:~induced:. decrease'~ in, system.ic ar.teria:l pressure'" was, not· affected: by:·. any o.f'· the·· i nh'ibftors,. mentionedJ above--._ Small>. doses: of· the, select.i ve:· Mi- muscari nfc. receptor· subtype· antagonists:, pi renzepihe and_:. tr.ihexypheni:d~l,.. s:i gni-f.i cantly:- fnhi bjted:-: the· ACh.-i nduced:~- increase:'-·. i m pulmonary; vascuJa·r res:fstance- but. not: the~ ACh-induced=;· decrease Ht systemic. arterfal~: pressur.e··. The:.- s·ame" dose·· o.f secover.i ne:, .. a-~.- se·l ecti ve, M2-- muscar.i.nic: ii recept.or subtype. antagonist, dld ·not· change the · ACh ·effects on the pu 1 mona ry or· sys.temi c · v qSCu latu,re. Larger doses of pirenzepine, trihexyphen-idyl and\· secoverine,· totally. inhibited· the.- effects:: of ACh in· the .. pu:lmonary· and: systemic: circulatjons. Atrop.ine··. equally:- inh.i.bi ted:· the· effects. of ACn· on'" the pulmonary..- and.: systemic vascul atures- at.- any. doMissing open brace for subscriptes~ . . used': In .. fso_lated· rabbit·. lungs .. perfused·:·in:· situ~: w:ith · b]ood·-,_'free· medium;< . . . . . . . the ACh-fnduced· increases fn .. ·pulmonary v.ascular resistance, TXB2 level·s: a:nd ·6-Keto~PG·Fra were significa.nt.ly inhibited. by small concentrations.· of· pi.renzepine but .not· secove·rine. Larger concentrations. of· p.irenzepine~ and:'· · . . secover·ine totally ·inhibited· these· effects of ACh. In -anesthetized c~ts, the· ACh~inducec:l decre-ase in pulmonary vascular resfstance was partially~ · inhibited· by quinacrine and·' indomethacin and· significantly:· .potenti~ted by NOGA. The ACh-induced ·decrease in systemic arterial .pressure was not s·ignificantly affected by· any. of these· inhibitors. Small. doses. of secover-ine:'' but not . pfrenzepi ne;~" i nh.ibited·· the: pulmonary: but,. not .. the:· systemic vascular-. response·, tct.. ACh.,,_ i!!.=- v:ivo~ Howev-er,_. large··· doses; .. of·.· ptrenz:epi ne-, · tri·hexyphen:fdyl. and' s.ecoveri'ne' significantly:· inh.i bited~ the:, .. . . effects. of:. ACh~ in·.: the~: pulmonary;· and. systemic vascu:l ature\ In: isola ted:· cat: 1 ung_s:. perfused~- fm: sitw: w.ith; bJ ood.;.free- · medium~. 'ACh'" di-lated... the·· precons.tricted:: pulmonary: artery. bu.t> tt: did·: not ·s,tgnific.antly:· alter- TXB2 ori 6~ Keto~PGF 1 at 1 eveTs:~.. Smal:T: concentrat:i ons:- of:-· secoverfne-': but· not· pJ.renzep.i ne~-- par.t.ially;' i nhi bi'tedr the· ACh;.. induced~· decrease· in: pulinonar,Yvascular ·· resistance· •. The· pros.tacyc;ti n .. · synthetase fnhi bitor· tranylcypromine· si"gn.fes~ . . used': In .. fso_lated· rabbit·. lungs .. perfused·:·in:· situ~: w:ith · b]ood·-,_'free· medium;< . . . . . . . the ACh-fnduced· increases fn .. ·pulmonary v.ascular resistance, TXB2 level·s: a:nd ·6-Keto~PG·Fra were significa.nt.ly inhibited. by small concentrations.· of· pi.renzepine but .not· secove·rine. Larger concentrations. of· p.irenzepine~ and:'· · . . secover·ine totally ·inhibited· these· effects of ACh. In -anesthetized c~ts, the· ACh~inducec:l decre-ase in pulmonary vascular resfstance was partially~ · inhibited· by quinacrine and·' indomethacin and· significantly:· .potenti~ted by NOGA. The ACh-induced ·decrease in systemic arterial .pressure was not s·ignificantly affected by· any. of these· inhibitors. Small. doses. of secover-ine:'' but not . pfrenzepi ne;~" i nh.ibited·· the: pulmonary: but,. not .. the:· systemic vascular-. response·, tct.. ACh.,,_ i!!.=- v:ivo~ Howev-er,_. large··· doses; .. of·.· ptrenz:epi ne-, · tri·hexyphen:fdyl. and' s.ecoveri'ne' significantly:· inh.i bited~ the:, .. . . effects. of:. ACh~ in·.: the~: pulmonary;· and. systemic vascu:l ature\ In: isola ted:· cat: 1 ung_s:. perfused~- fm: sitw: w.ith; bJ ood.;.free- · medium~. 'ACh'" di-lated... the·· precons.tricted:: pulmonary: artery. bu.t> tt: did·: not ·s,tgnific.antly:· alter- TXB2 ori 6~ Keto~PGF 1 at 1 eveTs:~.. Smal:T: concentrat:i ons:- of:-· secoverfne-': but· not· pJ.renzep.i ne~-- par.t.ially;' i nhi bi'tedr the· ACh;.. induced~· decrease· in: pulinonar,Yvascular ·· resistance· •. The· pros.tacyc;ti n .. · synthetase fnhi bitor· tranylcypromine· si"gn.ficantly~ i'nhi bited;'; the,· ACh- induced§ decrease:· in:· · pu]monary.:; va-scu..lar· resi.stance·~- . . i fi: ·These· results. ·indi-cate that l) ACh has . opposite actions in. the systemic {dilatory) versus pulmonary· (constrictor) circulation of rabbi-ts, 2r Arachidon-ic· acid.'metabo'lftes·. mediate. the-. pulmonary: . but. :not·· .the" systemic vascular respon.se- to. ACh, in rabbit, 3}. Thromboxane·· A2 mediates,. the:· pulmonary- vasoconstrictor- response·· to, ACh in rabbit·~ 4} The r.abbit pulmonary . v~scular· muscarinic recepto.rs. are· very·,· sensit:ive to·. p_irenzep.i-ne· . and thus be:have m9re · 1 ike Mi recept~rs, _5) · In· the cat·, the· ACh- induced·· decrease in- p~lmonary but not systemic vascular. pressure is partly mediated by prostacycli'n, 6)' In _the cat, the vascula-r· muscarinic receptors both in the· pulmon~ry. and the systemic beds are not selectively sensitive to . .pirenz.ep.ine ·and- thus behave like. non-Mt receptors and,· 7) In the .cat, the· ·muscarinic receptors. in the· pulmonary. and, systemic vasculat~re· represent different or heterogenous populations of M2. receptors since· they exhibit different affinities·. to secoverine.